温故而知新：方达超编译《药理学》选摘

温故而知新：方达超编译《药理学》选摘手牵手博客站:u^ Nyu

AN ENGLISH-CHINESE READING FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS 手牵手博客站3[S#~z9M2~6U

Influence of Age on Drug Metabolism 手牵手博客站:Is+q3a0e]5xj

年龄对药物代谢的影响手牵手博客站?"]R#IH

Drug metabolism is very deficient qualitatively and quantitatively in the newborn. For example, chloramphenicol, when used injudiciously, may cause gray syndrome, characterized by vomiting, refused to suck, irregular and rapid respiration, abdominal distention, periods of cyanosis, passage of loose green stools, cardiovascular collapse , and death.

新生儿对药物的代谢，无论在质量和数量上都非常不足。例如，当使用氯霉素不当时，可引起灰婴综合症，表现为呕吐，拒绝吮乳，呼吸快而不规则，腹胀，发绀，绿色稀便，心血管虚脱和死亡。

The mechanism of chloramphenicol toxicity is apparently failure of the newborn to conjugate chloramphenicol with glucuronic acid due to inadequate activity of hepatic glucuronyl transferase.

氯霉素中毒的机制显然是由于新生儿肝脏的葡萄糖醛酸转移酶活性不足，不能使氯霉素与葡萄糖醛酸结合。

This，in combination with inadequate renal excretion of drug in the newborn, results in a higher than expected level of chloramphenicol in the plasma.

这（一机制），加之新生儿肾脏的药物排泄不足，结果导致在血浆中的氯霉素水平升高。手牵手博客站
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Therefore, the newborn should receive chlormphenicol in doses not greater than 25 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight.

因此，新生儿所接受的氯霉素在剂量上不能超过每公斤体重25到50毫克。

Similarly, the elderly are prone to toxicity of numerous drugs, including cardiac glycosides.

同理，老年人对包括强心甙在内的许多药物容易引发毒性反应，

A dose of digitoxin which was totally “therapeutic” and innocuous at age 60 may produce severe toxicity and even death at age 70. The abilities of the liver to metabolize drugs and of the kidney to excrete drug metabolites decline with the aging process.手牵手博客站/SUPi-b-g0r^o

对60岁（的患者）起很好治疗作用而无损害的洋地黄毒甙可能对70岁的患者产生严重的毒性反应，甚至可导致死亡。肝脏代谢药物的能力和肾脏排泄药物的能力随着年龄的增长而下降。手牵手博客站M{+n @
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【词汇】

Drug metabolism：药物代谢

the newborn：新生儿手牵手博客站5S-_0Lb-G-P*m

gray syndrome：灰婴综合症

glucuronic acid：葡萄糖醛酸

irregular and rapid respiration：不规则而急促的呼吸手牵手博客站CsV c*obxa-n

abdominal distention：腹胀手牵手博客站[1}&Bi+A\

periods of cyanosis发绀

passage of loose green stools绿色稀便手牵手博客站a0]LD9~S

cardiovascular collapse：心血管虚脱

chloramphenicol toxicity：氯霉素中毒

due to 由于

inadequate activity：活性不足手牵手博客站-x6bK*G,vC(b,E

glucuronyl transferase：葡萄糖醛酸转移酶

renal excretion of drug：药物的肾脏排泄

per kilogram of body weight：每公斤体重

cardiac glycosides：强心甙

to metabolize drugs：药物代谢

to excrete drug metabolites：药物代谢产物排泄

be prone to: 易于  有……的倾向